Journal Editing

Background

A primary role of an editor at a scientific journal is to evaluate incoming manuscripts to determine whether the study is appropriate for the journal, based on the journal´s scope, and the conclusions are generally supported by the data presented. Editors are involved in decisions for both (1) assessing whether the manuscripts they receive should be sent out for peer-review, and (2) evaluating reviewers’ comments and authors’ responses in order to make a final decision on whether the manuscript is to be published. If the decision is positive, the editor will find reviewers for the paper. The editor will also manage the peer review process, and write a response to the authors.

Note: While traditional scientific journals play an important role in science publishing, more platforms are opening up for immediate publication (without scope and/or novelty suitability pre-screening) such is the case of PLOS ONE, F1000, or bioRxiv. Transparent peer-review is also on the rise, such as or F1000, eLife, or EMBO Journal. In these types of open access platforms, the editor often doesn’t need to address the novelty or suitability of the article for the journal, instead the editor focuses on the soundness of the science – which, some argue, makes the publishing process less subjective.

The Process

Basic Stages of the Editorial Process

1. First decision or initial triage- papers submitted to a scientific journal will be assessed for suitability taking into account the scope and guidelines of the given journal.
2. Editors will then decide whether a manuscript will be sent out for peer-review or not. Professional editors may decide to consult academic editors, who are part of the editorial board of some journals and are experts in the specific field.
3. Peer review – If the editors consider the work to be suitable for further consideration, they will identify experts on the field to anonymously peer-review the manuscript.
4. Final decision – The editors will evaluate and consider the reviews. If need be, they may consult with an academic editor or the editorial board before making a decision.

More on the editorial processes and timelines for different PLoS journals:

• PLoS Biology
• PLoS Genetics
• PLoS Medicine

The Exercise

Determine whether a paper is suitable for consideration in PLoS by carefully considering the manuscript, and the journal scope and criteria. Write a recommendation that includes and broad assessment of the paper, and a recommendation of whether the manuscript should reviewed or rejected, and suggest reviewers if applicable. Write a final decision letter to the authors.

For this exercise, you are an editor at PLoS and part of a team evaluating papers for publication. You are also responsible for managing and responding to reviewers and authors throughout the revision and publication process.

Triage this article from F1000 research. Read the manuscript and assess whether it would be considered for full review. Take into account both the journal’s scope and triage guidelines (provided below). These guidelines are meant to facilitate the final editorial decision on the publication.

1. Journal Publication Scope (can be found on the journal’s website)
2. Use the adapted guidelines for manuscript assessment for PLoS Journals to address the following points:
   • Research Question
   • Methods
   • Main results
   • Novelty
   • Summary
   • Pros
   • Cons
   • Concerns
   • Relevant References (it may be helpful to include abstracts sometimes)
   • Recommendation (options might include Review / Consult with an Academic editor / editorially reject)
   • Academic Editor / Reviewer suggestions

If you wish, you can select a different article from F1000 or bioRxiv as your test manuscript.

If your decision is to reject, skip to Task 3.

NOTE: This task is routinely included as part of job interviews for editorial positions, where candidates will be given two manuscripts, one within the field of expertise, and one outside the field of expertise. Ideally this task should take you no longer than one hour, spend a maximum of two hours.

Part 1: Identify 2-4 reviewers and/or an academic editor.

1. The reviewers must possess the technical expertise to thoroughly assess the methods as well as the conclusions. It may be necessary to invite reviewers with distinct expertise to consider different parts of the manuscript.
2. For this simulation in which you are an editor for PLoS, suggest an academic editor who is a leader in this field. PLoS is a journal that consults an academic editor.
3. Include your reasons for your suggestions

Part 2: Make a decision after reading reviewers’ comments

1. Read Reviewer’s 1 & 2 comments and recommendations
2. Make a decision on whether the paper should be accepted for publication or not based on the F1000 Peer Review Guidelines

DECISIONS: Accept, minor revisions, major revisions, reject

Following from the decisions made in Tasks 1 and 2, and regardless of your decision from Task 2, write a letter to the authors

1. Provide the decision: accepted, minor revisions required, major revisions required, rejected
2. If relevant, refer to the comments from the Academic Editor or the reviewers
3. In the case of revisions:
   • Articulate specifically what revisions are necessary for reconsideration. This may be experimental requirements or editing.
   • be sure to reconcile conflicting reviewer comments by noting the inconsistency and clarifying for the author what you are asking of them.